Correction and Retraction

Selaparang Multidisciplinary Research (SEMAR) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. When necessary, the journal will publish corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Correction (Erratum)

A correction (erratum) may be published when an article contains errors that do not invalidate the overall findings but require clarification or amendment. The corrected article will remain available online, and a correction notice will be linked to the original publication.

Retraction

A retraction may be issued when there is clear evidence that the published article contains unreliable findings due to research misconduct or honest error, plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research, data fabrication or falsification, or other serious breaches of publication ethics.

Retracted articles will remain accessible as part of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as Retracted, together with a retraction notice explaining the reason for the retraction.

Expressions of Concern

The Editor may publish an Expression of Concern if there is reason to believe that a published article may contain serious ethical or scientific issues, but the available evidence is insufficient to justify a correction or retraction while an investigation is ongoing.

All corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern will be handled transparently and in accordance with the COPE Guidelines for Retraction to preserve the integrity of the scientific record.