Author Guidelines

Manuscript Title

The manuscript title must be written in English, using Lato 18 pt, bold, sentence case, and should not exceed 16 words. The title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the main content of the manuscript without using abbreviations whenever possible.

Authors and Affiliations

List the full names of all authors without academic titles. Each author's institutional affiliation should include the institution name, city, and country. One corresponding author must be designated and identified with an asterisk (*), followed by a valid email address for all editorial correspondence.

Abstract

The abstract should be written in English and contain 150–200 words, using Lato 10 pt and single line spacing.

The abstract should briefly describe:

  • the background and research problem;
  • the purpose of the study;
  • the research methods or approach;
  • the principal findings;
  • the main conclusion and its contribution.

The abstract should be written as a single paragraph without citations, abbreviations, tables, or figures.

Keywords

Provide 3–5 keywords immediately below the abstract. Keywords should represent the core concepts of the manuscript and should not simply repeat words already appearing in the title.

Introduction

The introduction should present the research background, identify the research gap, explain the significance of the study, and clearly state the research objectives.

Authors are encouraged to develop a critical discussion of relevant literature, particularly recent publications from reputable national and international journals. The introduction should demonstrate how the present study contributes to existing knowledge and conclude with a clear statement of the research objectives or research questions.

Methods

The Methods section should provide sufficient detail to enable the study to be understood and, where appropriate, replicated.

Authors should clearly explain:

  • research design;
  • research setting or participants;
  • population and sample or research subjects;
  • data collection procedures;
  • research instruments;
  • data analysis techniques; and
  • ethical considerations (where applicable).

For qualitative research, authors should also describe the role of the researcher, data validation techniques, research context, and duration of the study.

Results

The Results section should present the research findings clearly and systematically without interpretation.

Results may be organized into subsections where appropriate. Tables, figures, graphs, and illustrations should be numbered consecutively and cited in the text before they appear. Each table and figure must include a concise title and, where necessary, the source of the data.

Discussion

The Discussion should interpret the findings rather than simply repeat the results. Authors should explain the significance of the findings, compare them with previous studies, discuss theoretical and practical implications, identify limitations of the study, and suggest directions for future research.

Conclusion

The conclusion should directly answer the research objectives and summarize the major findings without repeating the discussion in detail.

Authors are encouraged to present the practical implications of the research and provide recommendations for future studies where appropriate.

Acknowledgements (Optional)

Authors may acknowledge individuals, institutions, or organizations that contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship.

Funding Statement

Authors should clearly state the source of financial support for the research. If the research did not receive any specific funding, please state:

"The authors received no specific funding for this research."

Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest that could influence the research or its interpretation.

If no conflict exists, please state:

"The authors declare no conflict of interest."

Author Contributions

Authors are encouraged to describe each author's contribution to the manuscript using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) where applicable.

References

References should include only works cited in the manuscript and must follow the APA Style (7th Edition).

Authors are strongly encouraged to:

  • use recent and relevant references;
  • cite primarily peer-reviewed journal articles;
  • include DOI whenever available;
  • arrange references alphabetically; and
  • use reference management software such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote.

Whenever possible, at least 80% of the references should be journal articles published within the last ten years.

General Formatting Requirements

  • Manuscript language: English
  • Paper size: A4
  • Font: Lato
  • Main text: 11 pt
  • Line spacing: 1.15
  • Margins: 2.5 cm on all sides
  • File format: Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx)
  • Abstract: 150–200 words
  • Keywords: 3–5
  • Citation style: APA 7th Edition