Validity of Digital Contracts in Sharia FinTech Transactions: The Perspective of Islamic Economic Law and Indonesian Positive Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66277/sejals.1.2.75Keywords:
digital contracts, Indonesian positive law, Islamic economic law, Sharia FinTechAbstract
The rapid development of financial technology (FinTech) in Indonesia has transformed financial transactions through the increasing use of digital contracts, raising legal questions regarding their validity under national law and Islamic principles. This study examines the legal status of digital contracts in Sharia-based FinTech, particularly concerning contractual consent, virtual contract formation, and personal data protection. Employing normative legal research through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyzes Indonesian legislation, civil law provisions, and relevant DSN-MUI fatwas. The findings demonstrate that digital contracts are legally enforceable under Indonesian law when they satisfy contractual requirements and applicable electronic transaction regulations. From the perspective of Islamic law, virtual contractual assemblies can be accommodated through the concept of majlis hukmi, provided that mutual consent, contractual clarity, and the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maysir are maintained. Furthermore, personal data protection constitutes an essential element in safeguarding contractual integrity and supporting the objective of hifz al-mal.
Perkembangan teknologi finansial (financial technology atau FinTech) di Indonesia telah mengubah mekanisme transaksi keuangan melalui penggunaan kontrak digital, sekaligus menimbulkan persoalan hukum mengenai keabsahannya berdasarkan hukum nasional dan prinsip syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum kontrak digital dalam FinTech syariah, khususnya terkait persetujuan para pihak, pembentukan akad secara virtual, dan pelindungan data pribadi. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan serta fatwa DSN-MUI yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrak digital memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat apabila memenuhi persyaratan perjanjian dan ketentuan transaksi elektronik. Dalam perspektif hukum Islam, pembentukan akad secara virtual dapat diterima melalui konsep majlis hukmi, sepanjang memenuhi prinsip kerelaan, kejelasan akad, serta bebas dari riba, gharar, dan maysir. Pelindungan data pribadi juga menjadi unsur penting dalam menjaga integritas akad dan mewujudkan prinsip hifz al-mal.
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