Restorative Justice Berbasis Adat dalam KUHP Nasional: Peluang, Risiko, dan Tantangan Implementasi

Abstract

Transformasi hukum pidana Indonesia melalui KUHP Nasional menandai penguatan pendekatan keadilan restoratif dan membuka ruang bagi pengakuan hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat, termasuk norma adat. Dinamika ini memunculkan perdebatan mengenai peluang dan batas integrasi sanksi adat dalam sistem pemidanaan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi normatif restorative justice berbasis adat, mengidentifikasi peluang, risiko, serta tantangan implementasinya. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis melalui studi terhadap KUHP Nasional, peraturan terkait, serta literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUHP Nasional menyediakan dasar integratif melalui pengakuan living law dan pidana tambahan kewajiban adat, yang berpotensi memperkuat pemulihan sosial. Namun, terdapat risiko ketidakpastian hukum, potensi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, dan tantangan koordinasi institusional. Disimpulkan bahwa integrasi sanksi adat memerlukan formalisasi norma, parameter proporsionalitas, dan jaminan due process of law agar selaras dengan prinsip negara hukum dan perlindungan martabat manusia.
The transformation of Indonesian criminal law through the National Criminal Code strengthens the restorative justice paradigm and recognizes the living law within society, including customary norms. This development has generated debates regarding the opportunities and limits of integrating customary sanctions into the modern penal system. This study aims to analyze the normative construction of customary-based restorative justice and to identify its opportunities, risks, and implementation challenges. The research employs a normative legal method, applying statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches through the examination of the National Criminal Code, relevant regulations, and academic literature. The findings indicate that the Code provides an integrative foundation through the recognition of living law and additional penalties involving customary obligations, which may enhance social restoration. Nevertheless, risks of legal uncertainty, potential human rights concerns, and institutional coordination challenges remain. The study concludes that integrating customary sanctions requires normative formalization, proportionality standards, and adherence to due process of law to ensure compatibility with the rule of law and the protection of human dignity.